CIEFFEATHO: July 2008

Sunday, July 27, 2008

LEARNINGS OF THE WEEK (July 21 - 25)

LEARNINGS OF THE WEEK

by: Cielito M. Cantero

IV - Rizal

In this week, I learn about how to use the movie maker. And movie maker has many similarities to the powerpoint presentation but the movie maker is just higher. Movie maker has more uses than a powerpoint presentation.

In our group presentation, we have many problems because only one out of four of our member has computer. Other group has advantage because many of their members do have computers at home. And also some of their members also know how to use the movie maker.

Our group doesn't made a beautiful presentation because we are not computer experts. We just know simple uses of the window movie maker. We do not also have much time to do it.

What is Windows Movie Maker?

Windows Movie Maker is a fun and easy to use video editing program that allows you to make home movies, automated photo albums and business presentations. It is included as part of the Windows XP operating system.

First Steps in Windows Movie Maker

A first look at the Windows Movie Maker screen. Get to know the Storyboard view and the Timeline view of Windows Movie Maker.

Adding Music and Sounds

These two audio file types and can be imported into Windows Movie Maker to enhance your movie. Audio files reside in their own specific location on the Timeline of the project window.

Add Narration to Your Movie

This Windows Movie Maker tutorial shows you how to create a narration audio file and place it in your movie. You may choose to narrate portions of the movie, placing the audio file between other sound files, or you may narrate the whole movie.

Video Transitions and Video Effects Enhance Your MovieVideo Transitions and Video Effects

Additional visual interest to your movie presentation.
Titles and Credits Complete Your Movie

Titles and credits are the final touches to apply to your Windows Movie Maker project. These can be animated and colorful on their own, or can be placed as overlays on top of photos or video clips in your movie.

WINDOW MOVIE MAKER HISTORY

Windows Movie Maker was introduced in 2000 with Windows Me, but suffered from poor reviews due to its modest feature set in comparison with the year-old iMovie product on the Apple Macintosh. Version 1.1 was included in Windows XP a year later, and included support for creating DV AVI and WMV 8 files, but cannot be used with Windows Me. Version 2.0 was released as a free update in November 2002, and added a number of new features. Version 2.1, a minor update, is included in Windows XP Service Pack 2. Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 introduced a new version of Windows Movie Maker, 2.5, with more transitions and support for DVD burning. A WPF version was included in some builds of Windows "Longhorn" (now Windows Vista), but was removed in the development reset.

WINDOW VISTA CHANGES

In Windows Vista, Windows Movie Maker requires pixel shader hardware support. The most significant change is that effects and transitions are all Direct3D-based and hardware accelerated, enabling broader and more sophisticated customization. The version number is now 6.0 to match the version number with the operating system, however the SDK refers to it as version 3.0. It is included in all editions with the exception of Windows Vista Starter. The version included in Windows Vista Home Premium and Ultimate editions supports high-definition video.

Windows Movie Maker in Windows Vista includes new effects and transitions, and support for the DVR-MS file format which Windows Media Center records television in. The HD version in Premium and Ultimate editions of Windows Vista adds support for capturing from HDV camcorders. The capture wizard will create DVR-MS type files from HDV tapes. However, the Windows Vista version of Windows Movie Maker no longer supports importing video from an analog video source such as a VCR or from a webcam.
Some systems might not be able to run the new version of Windows Movie Maker. Therefore, Microsoft has also released an updated older version 2.6 for Windows Vista on the Microsoft Download Center. This version includes the old effects and transitions. It requires Windows Vista and is only intended for use on computers where the hardware accelerated version cannot be run.

LAYOUT

The layout consists of a storyboard view and a timeline view, collections for organizing imported video, and a preview screen. When in Storyboard view, the video project appears as a film strip showing each scene in clips. The storyboard/timeline consists of one 'Video' (with accompanying 'Audio' bar), one 'Music/Audio' bar, and one 'Titles/Credits' bar. In each bar, clips can be added for editing (e.g., a .WAV music file will belong on the 'Music/Audio' bar). Still images can also be imported into the timeline and "stretched" to any desired number of frames. The Video and Music/Audio bars can be "cut" to any number of short segments, which will play together seamlessly, but the individual segments are isolated editing-wise, so that for example, the music volume can be lowered for just a few seconds while someone is speaking.

IMPORTING FOOTAGE

When importing footage into the program, a user can either choose to Capture Video (from camera, scanner or other device) or Import into Collections to import existing video files into the user's collections. The accepted formats for import are .WMV/.ASF, .MPG (MPEG-1), .AVI (DV-AVI), .WMA, .WAV, and .MP3. Additionally, the Windows Vista Home Premium and Ultimate editions of Movie Maker support importing MPEG-2 Program streams and DVR-MS formats. Importing of other container formats such as MP4/3GP, FLV and MOV ,MIDI, AIFF, AAC and SWF is not supported.
When importing from a DV tape, if the "Make Clips on Completion" option is selected, Windows Movie Maker automatically flags the commencement of each scene, so that the tape appears on the editing screen as a collection of short clips, rather than one long recording. That is, at each point where the "Record" button was pressed, a new "clip" is generated. However, the actual recording on the hard drive is still one continuous file. This feature is also offered after importing files already on the hard drive. In the Windows Vista version, the "Make clips on completion" option has been removed — the clips are now automatically created during the capture process.
The efficiency of the importing and editing process is heavily dependent on the amount of file fragmentation of the hard disk. The most reliable results can be obtained by adding an extra hard disk dedicated for scratch space, and regularly re-formatting/defragmenting it, rather than simply deleting the files at the end of the project. Fragmented AVI files result in jerky playback on the editing screen, and make the final rendering process much longer.
Although it is possible to import digital video from cameras through the USB interface, most older cameras only support USB version 1 and the results tend to be poor — "sub VHS" — quality. Newer cameras using USB 2.0 give much better results. A FireWire interface camera will allow recording and playback of images identical in quality to the original recordings if the video is imported and subsequently saved as DV AVI files, although this consumes disk space at about 1 gigabyte every five minutes (12GB/Hr). Alternatively, most DV cameras allow the final AVI file to be recorded back onto the camera tape for high quality playback. Some standalone DVD recorders will also directly accept DV inputs from video cameras and computers.

EDITING AND OUTPUT

After capture, any clip can be dragged and dropped anywhere on the timeline. Once on the timeline, clips can be duplicated or split, and any of the split sections deleted or copied using the standard Windows keyboard shortcuts or clicked and dragged to to another position. Right-clicking any clip brings up the range of editing options. An AutoMovie feature offers predefined editing styles (titles, effects and transitions) for quickly creating movies.
Like all non-linear editing systems, the original camera file on the hard drive is not modified in any way; the current project file is really just a list of instructions for re-recording a final output video file from the original file. Thus, several different versions of the same video can be simultaneously made from the original camera footage.
Windows Movie Maker can only export video in Windows Media formats or DV AVI. It includes some predefined profiles, however, users can create custom profiles which utilize newer codecs using Windows Media Profile Editor (part of Windows Media Encoder 9 Series) and copy those profiles to the %ProgramFiles%\Movie Maker\Shared\Profiles folder for them to be used in Windows Movie Maker.
Earlier versions of Windows Movie Maker did not support direct burning of DVDs. The project had to be first saved as an AVI file, and a separate authoring program used to produce and burn the DVD. (Limited but adequate authoring software was often bundled free with DVD drives). The Windows XP Media Center Edition version, bundled the Sonic DVD Burning engine, licensed from Sonic Solutions to author and burn the DVD. The Windows Vista version of Windows Movie Maker passes the video project to Windows DVD Maker to burn DVD-Video discs.
Video can be exported back to the video camera if supported by the camera. Movie Maker also allows users to publish a finished video on video hosting websites.

EFFECTS AND TRANSITION

Versions 2.x included in Windows XP includes 60 transitions, 37 effects, 34 title and 9 credits animations. The Windows Vista version includes a different set of transitions, effects and title/credits animations while dropping a few older ones. There are in all 49 effects and 63 transitions. They are applied by using a drag and drop interface from the effects or transitions folders. Titles and credits can be added as stand alone titles or overlaying them on the clip by adding them onto the selected clip. Titles range from static (non-animated) titles to fly in, fading, news banner, or spinning newspaper animations. Due to the flexible interface, programming custom effects and other content is possible for version 2.0 and higher using XML. The Windows Vista version suppors Direct3D-based effects. Microsoft also provides SDK documentation for custom effects and transitions. At the Movie Maker forums, users can get assistance on creating and adding custom effects and transitions.

LEARNINGS OF THE WEEK
By: Frea Diane T. Bautista

For the past few weeks, Sir Balbuena taught us how to make a movie out of a movie maker.
He also taught us how to use the different applications of the movie maker. As me and my groups were exploring the applications of the movie maker, we learned something new and we had fun.

As what I have learned for the past few weeks, Windows Movie Maker is video creating/editing software bundled with the Microsoft Windows operating system since Windows Me. It contains features such as effects, transitions, titles/credits, audio track, timeline narration, and Auto Movie. New effects and transitions can be made and existing ones can be modified using XML code.

History

Windows Movie Maker was introduced in 2000 with Windows Me, but suffered from poor reviews due to its modest feature set in comparison with the year-old iMovie product on the Apple Macintosh. ^[1]^[2]^[3] Version 1.1 was included in Windows XP a year later, and included support for creating DV AVI and WMV 8 files, but cannot be used with Windows Me. Version 2.0 was released as a free update in November 2002, and added a number of new features. Version 2.1, a minor update, is included in Windows XP Service Pack 2. Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 introduced a new version of Windows Movie Maker, 2.5, with more transitions and support for DVD burning. A WPF version was included in some builds of Windows "Longhorn" (now Windows Vista), but was removed in the development reset. ^[4]

Windows Vista changes

In Windows Vista, Windows Movie Maker requires pixel shader hardware support. The most significant change is that effects and transitions are all Direct3D-based and hardware accelerated, enabling broader and more sophisticated customization. ^[5] The version number is now 6.0 to match the version number with the operating system, however the SDK refers to it as version 3.0. It is included in all editions with the exception of Windows Vista Starter. The version included in Windows Vista Home Premium and Ultimate editions supports high-definition video.

Some systems might not be able to run the new version of Windows Movie Maker. Therefore, Microsoft has also released an updated older version 2.6 for Windows Vista on the Microsoft Download Center. This version includes the old effects and transitions. It requires Windows Vista and is only intended for use on computers where the hardware accelerated version cannot be run.

Layout

The layout consists of a storyboard view and a timeline view, collections for organizing imported video, and a preview screen. When in Storyboard view, the video project appears as a film strip showing each scene in clips. The storyboard/timeline consists of one 'Video' (with accompanying 'Audio' bar), one 'Music/Audio' bar, and one 'Titles/Credits' bar. In each bar, clips can be added for editing (e.g., a .WAV music file will belong on the 'Music/Audio' bar). Still images can also be imported into the timeline and "stretched" to any desired number of frames. The Video and Music/Audio bars can be "cut" to any number of short segments, which will play together seamlessly, but the individual segments are isolated editing-wise, so that for example, the music volume can be lowered for just a few seconds while someone is speaking.

Importing footage

When importing footage into the program, a user can either choose to Capture Video (from camera, scanner or other device) or Import into Collections to import existing video files into the user's collections. The accepted formats for import are .WMV/.ASF, .MPG (MPEG-1), .AVI (DV-AVI), .WMA, .WAV, and .MP3. Additionally, the Windows Vista Home Premium and Ultimate editions of Movie Maker support importing MPEG-2 Program streams and DVR-MS formats. ^[7] Importing of other container formats such as MP4/3GP, FLV and MOV ,MIDI, AIFF, AAC and SWF is not supported.

When importing from a DV tape, if the "Make Clips on Completion" option is selected, Windows Movie Maker automatically flags the commencement of each scene, so that the tape appears on the editing screen as a collection of short clips, rather than one long recording. That is, at each point where the "Record" button was pressed, a new "clip" is generated. However, the actual recording on the hard drive is still one continuous file. This feature is also offered after importing files already on the hard drive. In the Windows Vista version, the "Make clips on completion" option has been removed — the clips are now automatically created during the capture process.

The efficiency of the importing and editing process is heavily dependent on the amount of file fragmentation of the hard disk. The most reliable results can be obtained by adding an extra hard disk dedicated for scratch space, and regularly re-formatting/defragmenting it, rather than simply deleting the files at the end of the project. Fragmented AVI files result in jerky playback on the editing screen, and make the final rendering process much longer.

Although it is possible to import digital video from cameras through the USB interface, most older cameras only support USB version 1 and the results tend to be poor — "sub VHS" — quality. Newer cameras using USB 2.0 give much better results. A FireWire interface camera will allow recording and playback of images identical in quality to the original recordings if the video is imported and subsequently saved as DV AVI files, although this consumes disk space at about 1 gigabyte every five minutes (12GB/Hr). Alternatively, most DV cameras allow the final AVI file to be recorded back onto the camera tape for high quality playback. Some standalone DVD recorders will also directly accept DV inputs from video cameras and computers.

Editing and output

Like all non-linear editing systems, the original camera file on the hard drive is not modified in any way; the current project file is really just a list of instructions for re-recording a final output video file from the original file. Thus, several different versions of the same video can be simultaneously made from the original camera footage.

Windows Movie Maker can only export video in Windows Media formats or DV AVI. ^[8] It includes some predefined profiles, however, users can create custom profiles which utilize newer codecs using Windows Media Profile Editor (part of Windows Media Encoder 9 Series) and copy those profiles to the %ProgramFiles%\Movie Maker\Shared\Profiles folder for them to be used in Windows Movie Maker. ^[9]

Earlier versions of Windows Movie Maker did not support direct burning of DVDs. The project had to be first saved as an AVI file, and a separate authoring program used to produce and burn the DVD. (Limited but adequate authoring software was often bundled free with DVD drives). The Windows XP Media Center Edition version, bundled the Sonic DVD Burning engine, licensed from Sonic Solutions to author and burn the DVD. The Windows Vista version of Windows Movie Maker passes the video project to Windows DVD Maker to burn DVD-Video discs.

Video can be exported back to the video camera if supported by the camera. Movie Maker also allows users to publish a finished video on video hosting websites.

Effects and transitions

Versions 2.x included in Windows XP includes 60 transitions, 37 effects, 34 title and 9 credits animations. The Windows Vista version includes a different set of transitions, effects and title/credits animations while dropping a few older ones. There are in all 49 effects and 63 transitions. They are applied by using a drag and drop interface from the effects or transitions folders. Titles and credits can be added as stand alone titles or overlaying them on the clip by adding them onto the selected clip. Titles range from static (non-animated) titles to fly in, fading, news banner, or spinning newspaper animations. Due to the flexible interface, programming custom effects and other content is possible for version 2.0 and higher using XML. The Windows Vista version suppors Direct3D-based effects. Microsoft also provides SDK documentation for custom effects and transitions. ^[10] At the Movie Maker forums, users can get assistance on creating and adding custom effects and transitions.

Reception and Criticism

Movie Maker 1.0, introduced with Windows Me, was widely criticised for being "bare bones"^[11] and suffering "a woeful lack of features";^[12] and saving movies only in Microsoft's ASF file format^[13]. However, critical reception of versions 2.0 and 3.0 has been more positive.^[12]

In June 2008, a memo purportedly by Bill Gates from January 2003 was circulated on the Internet in which he heavily criticized the downloading process for Movie Maker at the time.^[14]. The memo was originally made available online as part of the plaintiffs' evidence in Comes vs. Microsoft, an antitrust class-action suit, and was submitted as evidence in that case on January 16, 2007.[1]

Monday, July 7, 2008

Learnings Of The Week!!

Learnings Of The Week!!

by:Steffany Queen P. Bigoy

Last week(July 2-4),we have learned and discussed about the third and fourth generation of computer. The lessons that we've discussed are the following:

3rd Generation Computer:
(1964-1971)

Although transistors were great deal of improvement over the vacuum tubes, they generated heat and damaged the sensitive areas of the computer. The Intergreated Circuit(IC) was invented in 1958 by Jack Kilby. It combined electronic components onto a small silicon disc, made from quartz. More advancement made possible the fitings of even more components on a small chip or a semi conductor. Also in third generation computers, the operating systems allowed the machines to run many different applications. These applications were monitored and coordinated by the computer's memory.

In this generation,we enumerate the important events in terms of computer.

1964-1965: IBM 360

The IBM 360 was introduced by IBM in April of 1964, and was finally delivered in 1965. It was not actually a single computer, but was rather a family of six computers and their peripherals. These computers were all mutually compatible and all worked together. The first models of the IBM 360 used transistors, but later these computers made a transition from transistors to integrated circuits.

1965: PDP-8

The PDP-8 was a successor to the PDP-1. Because it was the first computer to successfully make use of integrated circuits, it was much smaller and cheaper compared to other computers available at the same time. When it first entered the minicomputer market, it sold for about $20,000. Five years later, this price was reduced to only $3,000. The PDP-8 was relatively simple in design-physically, logically, and electronically. It only had 4,096 words of memory, and its word length was only 12 bits. This machine became the first commercially successful minicomputer because of its

reasonable cost, speed, and small size. Minicomputers are medium-sized computers that were much cheaper than the larger and bulkier mainframe computers.

1966: HP-2115

With the invention of the HP-2115, the company Hewlett Packard enters the computer business.

1969: UNIX

At the AT & T Bell Laboratories, programmers Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie developed a new type of operating system known as UNIX. UNIX is a multi-user operating system able to perform multiple tasks. In addition, UNIX is written in the C language, which allows it to be less machine-specific than other available operating systems. C was specifically designed for UNIX. Because UNIX used C, it was able to be used in any computer system. This was a big achievement at the time!

1970s: GUI

GUI (graphical user interface, pronounced gooey) was designed by the Xerox Corporation. GUI allowed users to be able to "point and click." In other words, the computer screen was designed to resemble a desktop. It had click-able folders, calculators, etc. which were represented by images known as icons. Users could click on these icons to move and manipulate the folders and other tools. GUI made using computers much easier and is currently found in modern-day computers.

4th Generation of Computer:
(1971-Present).

The 4th generation computers are marked by the usage of integrated circuits and microprocessors. As the years passed, computers became smaller and smaller, and their prices became lower and lower. Millions of components could be placed onto a single silicon chip. Computers became more efficient and more reliable, and they could perform more and more operations. They began to catch the eye of the general public, and soon more sophisticated software and equipment were designed. Networks became commonplace, and the whole world was connected by the Internet and by the World Wide Web.

1971: Intel 4004

The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit microprocessor. Microprocessors are integrated circuits that contain thousands and millions of transistors. The Intel 4004 is the essence of a general-purpose computer. It performed many input and output operations and was also able to read and respond to instructions stored in its memory. The microprocessor was able to group all the components of a computer, including the CPU, or central processing unit, the memory, and the input and output controls on a single chip. The Intel 4004 was first used on March 2, 1972 in the Pioneer 10 space probe.

1972: Intel 8008

In November of 1972, Intel came out with a new 8-bit processor, known as the Intel 8008.

1974: Intel 8080

The Intel 8080 is a re-engineered version of the Intel 8008. It had a larger and more versatile instruction set.

1975: Altair 8800

The Altair 8800 is often called the first personal computer. It was developed by Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS), a small company centered in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Altair 8800 was sold as an electronic hobbyist kit for only $397. The Altair computers were of blue box-shaped machines with dimensions of 17 inches by 18 inches by 7 inches. They were very simple, and so in complex that they did not even have a keyboard or display. These computers did not even have enough memory to perform any useful tasks. The Altair 8800 used an Intel 8080 microprocessor and had switches on the front panel for input and rows of neon light bulbs for the output. These lights were known as light-emitting diodes, or LEDs. It is hard to believe, but it is the in-

One such example of software developed for the Altair 8800 is the development of a version of the programming language, BASIC, for this computer. BASIC was a popular programming language used by many minicomputers and other machines. It was simple and easy to develop. The BASIC programming language designed for the Altair was developed by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, the cofounders of the software giant, Microsoft.

Microsoft was not the only company to develop programs and software for the Altair. In fact, more and more companies began entering the software business by developing software and peripherals for the Altair 8800. The personal computer soon became a business machine.

1976: CP/M

Developed in 1976 by Gary Kildall of the company Digital Research, CP/M was a popular operating system that made it possible for one version of a program to run on a variety of computers.

1976: Apple II

Apple Computer was started by Stephen G. Wozniak and Steven P. Jobs. In 1976, the company introduced the Apple II to the personal computer market. The Apple II was appealing to consumers, because of its abundance of appealing software and with its well-written manuals. The computer also was able to be plugged into a standard household outlet.

1979: VisiCalc

VisiCalc, standing for Visible Calculator, is the first personal computer financial analysis tool. This software was developed by Harvard business graduate Dan Bricklin and programmer Bob Frankston. VisiCalc was able to give immediate responses to "what if" questions. It turned personal computers like the Apple II into business machines and was an overnight success.

1981: Osborne I

Invented by Adam Osborne, the Osborne I was the world's first portable computer. By today's standards, it wouldn't exactly be portable because of the fact that it weighed a whopping 24 pounds. The computer had a 5-inch display, 64 kilobytes of memory, a modem, and two 5-¼ floppy disk drives. It sold for $1,795.

1981: DN100

The DN100 was the first workstation. It was developed by Apollo Computers, and it had much more power than some of the minicomputers around at the time. It was also available for a comparatively low price.

1983: Lisa

The Lisa, invented by Apple Computer, was the first PC to use graphical user interface. It had one MB of RAM and had a 12 inch black and white monitor. The Lisa had two 5-¼ floppy disk drives, 5 MB of profile hard drive, and it used a Motorola 680000 microprocessor. Unfortunately, Lisa was never successful because of its high price and slowness.

1983: Microsoft Word

The powerful word processor used in nearly every household today, Microsoft Word, makes its debut as "Multi-Tool Word" in 1983. Microsoft Word can be used for all sorts of word-processing tasks and for creating all sorts of text documents. It is now widely used and widely distributed. Two years after introducing Word to the general public, the company, Microsoft, then introduces its now-famous Microsoft Windows.

1983: Compaq Computer Corporation

In 1983, Compaq Computer Corporation built a portable computer, a clone of the IBM PC. Looking like a sewing machine, Compaq's computer weighed 38 pounds (13 kg). Amazingly, this was considered lightweight at the time! The Compaq personal computer was compatible with the IBM personal computer, and could use software designed for IBM computers. It was an immediate success, bringing in $110 million in its first year of sales.

1984: Apple Macintosh

The Apple Macintosh was designed by Apple Computer and had many of the same features as the Lisa computer, also designed by Apple. The main goal of the Macintosh was to

create a computer that would accommodate as many as Lisa's features as possible at a much lower price. It slimmed down on Lisa's high-level languages, and it also used the minimum number of chips and circuit boards needed to operate efficiently. It had graphical user interface and a user-friendly design. The computer contained software in which users could point and click with a mouse. For example, there was MacPaint and MacWrite. The Apple Macintosh used a 32-bit Motorola 68000 central processing unit and had a 9 inch black and white screen. It was first sold for $2,500.

1985: Microsoft Windows Operating System

Microsoft makes its debut with its first windows operating system. The new Apple Macintosh had shadowed the personal computers, and now the Microsoft Windows Operating System gives PC compatibles the same capacities as the Macintosh. In future years, Microsoft continued to improve its operating system, and the company soon became the dominating software company for PC compatibles.

1985: C++ Programming Language

C++ is a general-purpose programming language that was derived from the C programming language. It had many of the C's capabilities, such as the ability to efficiently deal with objects such as bits, bytes, and words and the ability to efficiently implement user-defined type.

1989: SimCity

In 1989, the popular computer game, SimCity, was developed by Will Wright and Jeff Braun. SimCity was a video game that used simulators. The player starts with a plot of land, and he or she must build houses, buildings, roads, and other objects to ensure the survival of the city. The player must provide health care, education, and public services for the inhabitants of his or her city, and periodically, challenges presented themselves in the forms of natural disasters or monster attacks. The player was forced to make decisions that would best benefit their city.

1990: Windows 3.0

In 1990, the software giant Microsoft released a new version of Windows. Windows 3.0 was the first successful version of the software. It was user-friendly and it sported a new interface with new designs that allowed personal computers to support many images and other graphical applications. Windows 3.0 included programs such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel, and it also allowed for many of these programs to be run simultaneously. It ran on an Intel 80386 microprocessor.

1996: Deep Blue

In 1996, IBM invents a supercomputer named "Deep Blue." Able to compute more than 100 million chess positions per second, Deep Blue challenged the reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov to a chess match. Kasparov wins the match, with 3 wins, 2 ties, and 1 loss. This was the first time ever that a computer has beaten a reigning world chess champion.

for more info, just email:

steff_queen2411@yahoo.com

Sunday, July 6, 2008

Learnings of the Week (July2-4) Betinol

I have learned about the 3rd and the 4th - the present ganeration of the computers.

Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
Although transistors were great deal of improvement over the vacuum tubes, they generated heat and damaged the sensitive areas of the computer. The Intergreated Circuit(IC) was invented in 1958 by Jack Kilby. It combined electronic components onto a small silicon disc, made from quartz. More advancement made possible the fitings of even more components on a small chip or a semi conductor. Also in third generation computers, the operating systems allowed the machines to run many different applications. These applications were monitored and coordinated by the computer's memory.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present)
Fourth Generation computers are the modern day computers. The Size started to go down with the improvement in the integerated circuits.It reduced the size and price of the computers at the same time increasing power, efficiency and reliability. "The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, took the integrated circuit one step further by locating all the components of a computer (central processing unit, memory, and input and output controls) on a minuscule chip."
Due to the reduction of cost and the availability of the computers power at a small place allowed everyday user to benefit. First came the minicomputers, which offered users different applications, most famous of these the word processors and spreadsheets, which could be used by non-technical users.

Saturday, July 5, 2008

LEARNINGS OF THE WEEK
By: Frea Diane T. Bautista IV - Rizal

Last week, we only had a short review for the five generations of computer. But for this week, we really discussed all about the third and the fourth generations of computer.

In order for you to know what we've learned, I'll share it to you this time. The following topics we've discussed are the following:

First, we discussed about the Third Generations of Computer(1964-1971).

The 3rd Generation Computers were generally much smaller in size than the 2nd and 1st generation computers. This is because these newer computers made us of integrated circuits and semiconductors (a type of material that had the properties of an insulator and a conductor). 3rd generation computers also contained operating systems, which acted as overseers to the performance of a computer and which allowed computers to run different programs at once. Another function of operating systems is to make sure everything is flowing smoothly inside the computer. The 3rd generation computers made the transition from transistors to integrated circuits and from punch cards to electronic computer systems.

1964-1965: IBM 360