Learnings Of The Week!!
by:Steffany Queen P. Bigoy
In this week, I learned a lot of things about computer. I learned some facts about what is a computer, the components of computers and how important it is in ourdaily lives. I already know what are the parts of computer, the processes involved and the elements of cmputer.
You have to read it, because its so important for us.! The things that i've learned are the following:
COMPUTER
A computer is an electronic device that helps people perform different tasks. Like people, computers range in size, type, shape and ability, and they are everywhere: in cash registers, gas pumps, cameras, cars, homes, stereos, and even in toys. Computers have become a very useful part of our everyday lives. It is also used in communication. It has a great help in students specially in their study. Computer perform execute interprets data.
TYPES OF COMPUTER
A.) Microcomputers
Microcomputer is generally a synonym of for the more common term, personal computer or widely known as PC. A PC is a computer designed for an individual. It uses microprocessor technology to input, manipulate, store and output data. Businesses use personal computers for their differerent jobs like word processing, accounting and others. This PCs first appeared in the late 1970s. The Apple II that was introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer was one of the first and most popular personal computer. After the Apple II, many personal computers appeared. One of it was the IBM PC that appeared in 1981 by IBM and became the personal computer of choice.
Two Classifications Of Microcomputer
1.) Personal Computer or PC
PCs have become widely popular with people of all lifestyles because they are powerful, affordable and easy to use.
2.) Portable Computer
It include the laptops or also known as notebooks (a small, portable computer -- small enough that it can be sit on your lap. Its difference from a personal computer was the display screen because laptop use a variety techniques known as the flat-panel technologies to produce a lightweight and non-bulky display screen), sub-notebook (a portable computer that is slightly lighter and smaller than a full-sized notebook computer and have smaller keyboard and screen, but are otherwise equivalent to notebook computers) , tablet computer (provides the full power and functionality of today's notebook PCs. by this, you can use your computer more often in more situations than ever before. It also has laong battery life and light weight make the Tablet PC more mobile than the current notebook PCs) and personal digital assistants (or PDA is a handheld device that combines computing, telephone/fax, and networking features. It can function as a cellular phone, fax sender and personal organizer. Unlike portable computers, most PDA's began as pen-based, using stylus rather than a keyboard for output and just means that they also incorporated handwriting recognition features. Some PDAs can also react with voice input by using voice recognition). They are smaller enough to move easily from one place to another and they can be operate on batteries. They are popular because many people can bring it everywhere they go.
1.) Personal Computer or PC
PCs have become widely popular with people of all lifestyles because they are powerful, affordable and easy to use.
2.) Portable Computer
It include the laptops or also known as notebooks (a small, portable computer -- small enough that it can be sit on your lap. Its difference from a personal computer was the display screen because laptop use a variety techniques known as the flat-panel technologies to produce a lightweight and non-bulky display screen), sub-notebook (a portable computer that is slightly lighter and smaller than a full-sized notebook computer and have smaller keyboard and screen, but are otherwise equivalent to notebook computers) , tablet computer (provides the full power and functionality of today's notebook PCs. by this, you can use your computer more often in more situations than ever before. It also has laong battery life and light weight make the Tablet PC more mobile than the current notebook PCs) and personal digital assistants (or PDA is a handheld device that combines computing, telephone/fax, and networking features. It can function as a cellular phone, fax sender and personal organizer. Unlike portable computers, most PDA's began as pen-based, using stylus rather than a keyboard for output and just means that they also incorporated handwriting recognition features. Some PDAs can also react with voice input by using voice recognition). They are smaller enough to move easily from one place to another and they can be operate on batteries. They are popular because many people can bring it everywhere they go.
B. Minicomputer
A midsized computer. In size and power, minicomputers lie between workstations and mainframes. A minicomputer, in general, is a multi processing system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously.
C. Mainframe Computer
Mainframe computer is a very large and expensive computer that is capable of supporting hundreds or even thousands of users simultaneously. Mainframes are just below supercomputers. But in some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more programs simultaneously and a supercomputer can execute a single program but faster than a mainframe. An example of a mainframe computer is the IBM 3090, Amdahl 5890.
D. Supercomputer
This is the fastest type of computer. It is very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations. An example is a weather forecast. The chief difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe computer is the supercomputer channels all its power in executing a few programs as fast aas possible, while the mainframe computer uses its power ro execute many programs concurrently.
The top 5 Supercomputers are: NEC EARTH SIMULATOR, IBM ASCI WHITE, TERASCALE COMPUTING SYSTEM, TERA SUPERCOMPUTER and NERSC IBM SP RS/600.
FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER
These components work together like a team to complete different tasks.
1.) System Unit
Acts like the center or core, processing the data and information it receives from the input devices. It is responsible for the processing and storing data and controls all computer functions. it is in the system unit that raw data is processed into information. The system unit works with the computer's peripheral devices.
The basic parts of the system unit are the power supply, CPU or Central Processing Unit, motherboard expansion slots, CD-ROM drive, 3 1/2 Floppy drive, hard drive and the system case.
System Case
There are two types of system case:
1.) Desktop case - This is designed to sit horizontally on a surface, so that it is wider than it is long. Desktop cases come in two basic sizes that are the standard and slimline.
2.) Tower case - This is designed to sit vertically, so it is higher than it is wide.It come in three basic sizes that are the full-tower case (usually used for PC servers that requires extra internal space for additional hard disks, interface cards and redundant power supply units), midi-tower case (used in high-end user PCs that do require extra devices and interface cards, but not as many as a server), mini-tower case (usually used for office or home PCs where the requirements for additional internal devices and interface cards is limited).
Parts of System Case
Cover - the case has a cover which is removed by either undoing the screws at the back, or pressing together clips that release it.
Front Panel - Provides access to the floppy and CD, a power on/off switch, a reset switch, and LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) to indicate drive operation. The front cover can be removed but may require the case cover to be removed first in order to access the screws or clips that secure it.
Rear Panel - has slots through which the interface card connectors appears. These slots should either be removed by an interface card or a metal strip known as the blanking plate.
The Motherboard
It is the most important component of a computer. All of the other computer components were connected to the motherboard. The motherboard is the largest board of the computer. The motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots and all the controllers required to control standard peripheral devices such as the display screen, keyboard and disk drive. All the chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the motherboard's chipset.
It is the most important component of a computer. All of the other computer components were connected to the motherboard. The motherboard is the largest board of the computer. The motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots and all the controllers required to control standard peripheral devices such as the display screen, keyboard and disk drive. All the chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the motherboard's chipset.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU is the "brain" of a computer. It is a device that interprets and executes the instructions. Today's single - chip central processing units that are called the microprocessor, make the personal computers and workstations possible. The CPU has the ability to fetch, decode, and execute instructions and transfer information to and from other resources over computer's main data-transfer path called the bus.
Clock
The system clock synchronizes the operation of all parts of the PC, and provides the basic timing signal for the CPU. The clock consists of a click generator that sets up a timing signal, and the clock multipliers that take the timing signal produced by the generator and apply a miultiplication factor to produce different timing signals for various components.
Memory
The memory in a computer system is of two fundamental types: the Main Memory and the Secondary Memory.
Main Memory
-very closely connected to the processor, its contents are quickly and easily changed, it holds the programs and data that the processor is actively working with and it interacts with the processor millions of times per second. Main memory is where programs and data kept when the processor is actively using them. When programs and data are active, they are copied from the secondary memory into main memory where the processor can interact with them. A copy remain in secondary memory. Main memory is intimately connected to the processor, so moving instructions from the program and data into and out the processor is very fast. Main memory is sometimes called RAM(Random Access Memory) means that the memory cells can be accessed in any order. One megabyte of a memory is enough to hold approximately one million characters of a word processing document. Nothing permanent is kept in main memory.
The Secondary Memory is connected to the main memory through the bus and a controller, its contents are easily changed but this is very slow comparec to the main memory, it is used for long-term storge of data and programs and the processor omly occasionally interacts with the secondary memory. Secondary memory is where programs and data are kept on a long-term basis. The common secondary storage devices are the floppy disk (diskette) and hard disks and the compact disks or CD.
Expansion Slots
These are located on the back of the computer. They provide access to the AGP, PCI and ISA expansion slots. Cards plug into these slots to add more devices for your computer.
The Secondary Memory is connected to the main memory through the bus and a controller, its contents are easily changed but this is very slow comparec to the main memory, it is used for long-term storge of data and programs and the processor omly occasionally interacts with the secondary memory. Secondary memory is where programs and data are kept on a long-term basis. The common secondary storage devices are the floppy disk (diskette) and hard disks and the compact disks or CD.
Expansion Slots
These are located on the back of the computer. They provide access to the AGP, PCI and ISA expansion slots. Cards plug into these slots to add more devices for your computer.
Internal Modem
A modem that resides on an expansion board. In order to connect to the Internet you need some form of Modem (Modulator/ Demodulator). Omputers are digital machines in that the information is represented by codes of small currents. Standard telephone lines however, are analogue devices in that the information is directly represented by analogue waves. That's why we need Modems to convert (modulate) the digital code into analogue waves and convert them back into digital (demodulate) at the other end.
Power Supply
It supplies the fuel (power), for the computer. It supplies power to the motherboard, the drives, and also, normally, contains a fan that helps assist in task of cooling the computer. Power supplies come in variety of voltages. 200 watt and 250 watt, are probably the most commonly used power supplies.
2.) Output Devices
An example of this is a printer. It receives the system unit's processed information (data). It is any devices that presents, displays, alters or records output after it has left a computer's system unit. When a computer completes a computation, the resulting data is sent to an output device. The examples of output devices are: computer speaker that convert output data into sound, a monitor that receives signals from a video card inside of tghe computer and gives the user a graphical or textual display and a printer thet creates images on the paper, plastic, cloth and other print media using technologies like ink transfer, heat trasfer, chemical reactions and physical force.
3.) Input Devices
It is any peripheral appliances that geberates input for the computer and allows users to enter information into the computer to be processed. Input devices allows users to provide a computer with commans, software, instructions and informations. Input devices are the pathways through which information enters a computer's system unit. Some examples of input devices are: Keyboard that the set of typewriter like keys that enables you to enter data into your computer, the mouse - invented by Douglas Engelbart of Stabford Research Center in 1963, and pioneered by Xerox, the mouse is a device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on the display screen and is described as a small object that you can control along a hard, flat surface, a microphone that allows the computer to receive and record sound, a scanner that takes in an optical image and digitalizes it into an electronic image represented by a binary data, a digital camera that takes pictures without film and stores your snapshots as digital files in its memory or on a diskette, a graphic tablet that creates drawings on a tablet and stored as mathematical line segmwnt amd the joy stick that a device consisting of a hand held stick that pivots about one end and transmits its angle in two dimensions to a computer that often used to control games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer.
ELEMENTS OF COMPUTING PROCESS
1.) Hardware
2.) Software - also known as program that is the instruction that tell the hardware what to do
3.) Data - is the raw facts the computer can change into useful information
4.) People - most of the computer need people to operate and it is also called as the end users
5.) Procedures - are the steps or directions that the end user needs to follow in order to complete a certain task
1.) Hardware
2.) Software - also known as program that is the instruction that tell the hardware what to do
3.) Data - is the raw facts the computer can change into useful information
4.) People - most of the computer need people to operate and it is also called as the end users
5.) Procedures - are the steps or directions that the end user needs to follow in order to complete a certain task
Peripheral Devices
The peripherl devices are the hardware devices that are connectec to the computer. It serve a specific pueposes that enhance a computer's functions or add a new service or an additional resource. The peripheral devices includes bothe input and output devices. Some examples are CD ROM drive, the Modem and the external drive unit.
The peripherl devices are the hardware devices that are connectec to the computer. It serve a specific pueposes that enhance a computer's functions or add a new service or an additional resource. The peripheral devices includes bothe input and output devices. Some examples are CD ROM drive, the Modem and the external drive unit.
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